Usa During World War II - 913 Words

USA in World War II World War II began on September 1, 1939. At this point, it was up to US to either join the war or stay out it. President Roosevelt knew that the only way US was going to remain the greatest country in the world was by joining the war and winning it. So in order to prove that US is the greatest country, President Roosevelt defeats couple nations, helps couple nations and mobilizes United States. WW II was started when the Nazi invaded Poland and as the result, Britain and France declared war on the Nazi. When they declared war, President Roosevelt felt threatened that Germany was going to attack United States. So in order to prevent that from happening, President Roosevelt declare United States was a neutral country in war. In 1941, United States reconsiders it neutrality and officially lent arms and any defense items to â€Å"the government of any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States.† The act was called lend-l ease act and was passed in 1941. By doing this, it encouraged Britain to stay in war until United States was ready to jump in. The lend lease Act in Nazi eyes demonstrated that United States wasn’t neutral anymore and it was helping its enemies by providing weapons like guns, plane and tanks. Overall this Act costed United States around 31.4 Billion dollars and also brought US at the verge of the entering the WW II. Not only that, Nazi wanted United States to join the World War and Hitler was ready toShow MoreRelatedCivil Growth, Ingenuity And Generosity1306 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Kramer. Abstract The United States of America was a boiling time in the 1940’s. With World War II approaching, United States of America (USA) citizens went above and beyond to help out the cause. Doctor’s and student of universities unraveled mysteries and did what some would call impossible. It didn’t matter what color you were or who you loved, but if you were helping to aid the USA during war, you were all right. Through tragedy, suffering and back breaking work, the United States of AmericaRead MoreTaking a Look at the Cold War786 Words   |  3 PagesThe Cold War The Cold War was a time after World War II, so from 1945 to 1991, where the USA (United States of America) and the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) had very different views on what the new world should be like. The Cold War drew international interest for decades. Many major conflicts occurred. The conflicts consisted of the Vietnam War, the Korean War and many others. For most people though, the Cold War was about the creation and the use of weapons of mass destruction,Read MoreWhy World War Ii Was a Watershed Event902 Words   |  4 PagesValeria Zarubina May 28, 2013 World History World War II as a Watershed Event After World War II ended in 1945, it was considered to be a watershed event because of its major impacts on history. After the end of World War II, the United States had a lot of great changes that occurred. An example of such a change was that women were given more rights. Secondly, due to the fact that the nuclear weapon was created during World War II, people lived in constant fear that a bomb would be releasedRead MorePower Of The Particular State And The Constitution Of It1509 Words   |  7 Pagesthe power of the particular state and the constitution of it. In addition, it then evaluate the British Empire as the great power back there until World War II. It analyses the factor of the rise of British as a great power and what makes it decline. Lastly, it look up the emergence of the United States of America as the great power after the World War II. There are a lot of opinion regarding power. Power is basically the ability to influence other. But the easiest way to measure power of a particularRead MoreWhat Was And Is The Arms Race?1329 Words   |  6 PagesRace? The arms race was throughout the cold war, which lasted about 45 years. During this time, The United States of America (USA) and The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) were both creating and stockpiling military weapons to use against each other. The belief was â€Å"the more nuclear weapons you had, the more powerful you were†. This lead to the development of many extremely dangerous bombs and weapons, which could destroy life on earth. The Cold War was established on the fact that neitherRead MorePolitical Changes in Europe Following WWII1251 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical changes than continuities following the 2nd World War. World War II (WWII) was a pivotal event that reshaped the Europe very much in terms of international politics. I agree to a large extent that Europe did see greater political changes than continuities following WWII. The most evident changes of which were that the United States of America (USA) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) gained international dominance in the world arena and that the United Nations (UN) was establishedRead MoreAnti-Communism in America867 Words   |  4 Pages- Analyse the impact of anti-communism in the USA from the late 1940’s to 1953 and the impact this had on tensions between the superpowers during this time. In the years between 1940 and 1953 the capitalist nations of the world such as USA became very concerned about the communist ideologies and its possible spread in the world. As a result, the ideological war period known as the â€Å"Cold War† was developed. With the end of World War II, the USA emerged with a renewed sense of confidence asRead MoreBerlin Wall : The Cold War1403 Words   |  6 PagesWall was built in August 1961 during the Cold War. The Wall that separated East and West Berlin came to show the different ideologies between different systems of government, Communism and Democratic supported by the USSR and the USA. The Berlin Wall symbolised the difference between the western democrats and eastern communist and the way they though Germany should be led. The significance of the wall What was the cold war and diplomatic relationships? The Cold War was a critical turning point inRead MoreThe End Of One War1453 Words   |  6 PagesThe end of one war and the Beginning of Another Following World War II in 1945, many parts of Europe were left in ruins. The economies of warring nations were destroyed, and many civilians suffered terribly. Despite their cooperation during World War II, a tension of beliefs between the United States and the Soviet Union which had begun during the Russian Revolution in 1917, reemerged as World War II came to an end. The Cold War was a non-violent conflict between the United States and the SovietRead MoreLatin American Music And Its Impact On America915 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans are considered as minority in the USA because they have a great diversity regard with race, culture and language. They helped build this country since their cultures have been adopted in this country and them also apport help to this country. Latin Americans have made a lot of contributions to the USA such as military, language, fine arts, literal arts, music, politics, food and others. Economic Music Hispanic’s music had a great impact in USA. Nowadays, Americans listen to Hispanics’ music

Hitlers Rise To Power Essay - 1709 Words

Hitlers Rise To Power The Antichrist is†¦a man with white skin, in everyday clothes, dangerously contemporary, and a mighty demagogue†¦The great Russian philosopher Soloviev described him. The Antichrist ‘does not look like he is,’ and therein precisely lies the danger. He is a young man with a strong personality and seductive power of speech and writing†¦He will win fame first by book†¦then, in Berlin, he will be come ruler of the ‘United States of Europe;’ he will conquer Asia; America will submit to him voluntarily. He is an absolute genius, and he may, says Soloviev, wear a small mustache.1 Adolf Hitler was a failed artist who rose to rule Germany as a dictator from 1933-1945. Due to his racial hatred, approximately eleven million†¦show more content†¦In September of 1907, Hitler went to Vienna, with hopes of attending art school. Upon learning that his mother was dying of cancer, he went back home. When she died on December 20, 1907, Hitler went back to Vienna to return to his dream of becoming an artist. However, twice the art school rejected him, which is something that he would never forget. In his misery Adolf Hitler began to learn things other than art. He learned to hate.4 He became curious about Jews and began to read about them. He started to believe some of the anti-semetic ideas he was reading about. He began to believe that the Aryans were superior and the Jews were responsible for his failure as an artist. He vowed that they would pay for his humiliation. From age nineteen to twenty-four, Hitler lived as a vagrant on the streets of Vienna, and refu sed regular work. He began to hate all of humanity. In 1913 he moved to Munich, where he still refused regular work, but was hardly broke. In fact, he had the income of a provincial lawyer from odd jobs and from selling paintings.5 How did such a maladjusted individual rise to power in the German government? Hitler hated the treaty of Versailles. He thought it made his government vulnerable to revolts allowing an army of only 100,000 men. He wanted to punish the makers of the treaty and decided to become involved with politics. He joined theShow MoreRelatedHitlers Rise to Power873 Words   |  4 PagesHitler’s rise to power was not inevitable. It depended heavily on a range of factors, events and circumstances that were occurring at the time. The most important of these being, the collapse of the German economy, the failed beer hall putsch and the weakness and infighting of the Weimar Republic. It was only through a combination of these unlikely circumstances that Hitler was able to come to power. One of the key events that allowed Hitler to come to power was the collapse of the German economyRead MoreHitlers Rise to Power715 Words   |  3 PagesHitlers Rise to Power Following their dramatic loss in the First World War, the people of Germany were suffering greatly, both emotionally and physically during the period of the 1920s and into the 1930s. The harsh stipulations of the Treaty of Paris forced the German government into a fragile and fragmented institution which was ripe for the abuse of power-hungry would-be tyrants. The people, eager for a strong figure to look up to, would have accepted almost anyone with perhaps any politicalRead MoreHitlers Rise to Power 1015 Words   |  5 PagesFirst off I am going to talk about Hitler’s service in world war one. While Hitler served in world war one he had some of the best luck nearly every attack he was involved in Hitler would always somehow escape. In one of his first engagements 2500 of the 3000 men in Hitler’s unit where either killed or missing and somehow Hitler managed to escape with no scratches. During his service Hitler served as a dispatch runner bringing message from the c ommand post to the front lines. During one of his messageRead MoreEssay on Hitler’s Rise to Power1051 Words   |  5 PagesHitler’s Rise to Power There is no simple answer to the question of the rise of Adolf Hitler. Because one cannot assume that his rise to power was only due to his ability or just share luck as the event at the time made the people weak and accepted who ever volunteered to rule them. Personally, I would say neither of the two facts is wrong. They both come hand in hand becauseRead MoreEssay on Hitlers Rise to Power739 Words   |  3 PagesHitlers Rise to Power In 1919 The Weimar Republic encountered harsh economic, social and political problems. After the new Democratic Republic signed the armistice it put Germany not only into an economic crisis, it also caused Ebert’s Republic to get off to an unpopular start. The new government were branded ‘The November Criminals’ even though they weren’t to be blamed, and were left little choice. Some people felt the government should be based on communism, andRead MoreHitlers Rise to Power Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1900s marked was one of the most consequential periods of time as it marked the onset of Nazi ideology, an ideology that would be advocated by radical leaders such as Adolf Hitler to maintain power of Germany. Hitler would use National Socialism, which renounced Marxist ideals, as a basis to formulate his own basic views of a philosophy which he would bolster for the rest of his life. As a strong anti-Semite, and an ardent German nationalist, Hitler recognized the importance in the need forRead MoreEssay on Hitlers Rise to Power2889 Words   |  12 PagesHitlers Rise to Power Instead of working to achieve power by armed coup, we shall hold our noses and enter the Reichstag against the opposition deputies. If outvoting them takes longer than out shooting them, at least the results will be guaranteed by their own constitution. Sooner or later we shall have a majority, and after that- Germany. (Heiden, 142) Adolf Hitler spoke these words in 1920, soon after becoming leader of the newly named National Socialist German Workers Party, commonlyRead MoreEssay on Hitlers Rise to Power3943 Words   |  16 Pages Hitlers Rise to Power Looking back at the horrendous events that occurred during the Second World War, many of the people effected or even not so effected often ask the question ‘Who let a mad man like Hitler come into power?’ The answer is, no one let him come into power, therefore it’s probably more accurate, to say ‘What enabled Hitler to come to power’ To answer this question, one must study the episode from 1918-1935 closely in order to understand theRead MoreAdolf Hitlers Rise to Power1054 Words   |  4 Pageshad a hatred for his father. He was deeply and emotionally attached to his hard working mother. On Saturday, January 3, 1903, Alois Hitler collapsed and died from lung hemorrhage. Hitler was only 13 years old, when his father passed away. After Hitler’s father passed away, Hitler continued to do poorly in school. Hitler decided to pursue his dreams of becoming an artist. He applied to art schools, but every time he was denied entrance. His mother began experiencing chest pains. She went to EdwardRead MoreHitlers Rise to Power: Personal or Political1494 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent was Hitler’s rise to power due to personal appeal and ability? Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, at a time when the Weimar Republic was crumbling in on its self. The Republic was collapsing as a result of the economic conditions that were forced upon Germany by the Great Depression , beginning in 1929, and the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles, as a result of Germany’s involvement in the First World War. Combined these two factors had the result of delivering a crippling blow

Strategy and Implementation Summary Free Essays

Strategy and Implementation Summary Since our company Is the commercial agent for selling different band mike power and mike within deliver goods. Therefore, has focuses on selling the mike power for the family which has a newborn baby and some family which always drink mike every day. Want to deliver the different famous band of mike power and mike around Hong Kong. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategy and Implementation Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now It hope to save the time of customers for going to buy different mike power and mike in market. Also, some mike powers is not easy to find in Hong Kong. For example, Hole, Optimal, Whacko etc†¦ The second strategy focuses on educating the benefits of drinking mikes. Provide the different kinds of mike products such as high calcium, low fat for different customers. For example, elder may drink the mike which has the high calcium for avoiding astronomical. 5. 1 SOOT Analysis Strengths: 1 . The customer of Hong Kong can deliver goods to the customers free at certain time. Delivery is free on orders over $500, or it is charged for an extra $20, exceptions will be noted In the website of our company. 2. Provide different band of mike power and mike which are not easy to buy In Hong Kong. For example, Hole, Optimal, Whacko etc†¦ We know that some customers like the band are come from different countries. It is a specific for our company. 3. Have a big freight house for storing a lot of goods. When customers send a order to buy mike power , we will conduct the mike power provider and report the order how many mike power the customer need. Then we will help the customer store the mike power In the freight house before delivery goods. Also, we store some different band mike power in our freight house for avoiding insufficient supplies. Weaknesses 1 . Mike power provider may have the quota for supplying the mike power. Since some mike powers are come from different countries, the mike power may supply the mike powers In their countries firstly. That may let the order from customer cannot request immediately before the mike power provider have enough mike power. 2. A lot of fresh mikes cannot be store longer time. The period of store of the fresh mikes normally is one month. So f we need to provide some fresh mike from other countries. We may need the refrigerator for store the fresh mike. 1 . Nowadays, the parents are usually buy the mike power from different country, such as, Japan, Unite state, Australia . Also, some brands are not easy to buy in Hong Kong. Therefore it is an opportunities for selling some different brand of mike power. 2. Some families or parents are busy at work. If we can deliver the mike power and mike product to customer house. Also, some parent have the newborn baby who is need more time for taking care are also our focuses customers. It can save the time from customers and then they have a lot of time to take care their baby. Threats How to cite Strategy and Implementation Summary, Papers

Psychological Conflicts in Literature(1) Essay Example For Students

Psychological Conflicts in Literature(1) Essay We all experience psychological conflicts, knowingly or unknowingly. They involve psychological conflicts among our thoughts, emotions, and rational thinking. It may be the most dangerous conflict of all due to the battleground in which it take place in our mind. There are many examples of psychological conflicts in the stories we have read. In Leiningen Versus the Ants by Carl Stephenson, Leiningen battled not only on his South American plantation, but in his mind. He struggled with the issue of running away and letting the ants take over his plantation. He wasnt a quitter and enjoys the mental aspects of things. But when the ants and the reality of death came, he had to resolve the conflict whether to stay or flee. This was especially true when he ran to the dam wheel. He could of fled then or died, but he chose to try to save the plantation and workers. He was faced with the conflict living or, perhaps the greatest psychological conflict, which he resolved when he chose to run to the wheel. In The Contents of the Dead Mans Pockets by Jack Finney, Tom also faced a psychological conflict. The story was mainly focused on his physical conflict, but near the end he experienced psychological conflict. As with Leiningen, Tom faced the choice to die or to live, and he realized with that conflict how much his wife meant to him. He overcame the conflict when, as we read, the yellow paper flew out the window again, but he left to be with his wife. In Blues Aint No Mockinbird by Toni Cade Bambara, Granny experienced a psychological conflict with her past treatment and her current conflict with Smiley and Camera. She struggled to break and maybe actually kill them or fall into depression, but she was successful in winning the conflict. When she hummed in a high pitch instead of low, it showed that she had finally won. In conclusion, psychological conflicts are important. They can be very dangerous because we are fighting within ourselves and our rational reasoning. And when we fight within ourself it is hard to win. Psychological conflicts can be won, however, by set priorities and moral standards.

Ratan Tata free essay sample

Today, it has strength of 350,000 employees all over the world andan estimated annual turnover of $62 billion USD. Tata? s contribution to India? s GDP is nearly 5. 5% and 60% of its revenue comes from foreign countries. Tata group was always known for its business ethics and corporate governance. The Tata Group has spread its operations across six continents andmore than 80 countries. He elucidated the needs of remaining focused rather than diffused, and he insisted on more aggressive attitude towards the growth and market share . The aspiration which triggered off restructuring has been described as (a) Returns must be greater than cost of capital; (b) Each company must be the industry leader occupying one of the top three positions; and (c) The business identified must have potential for high growth and should be globally competitive (From the Internal Company Journal). Once the goal has been set, strategies were put together for exits and entries. We will write a custom essay sample on Ratan Tata or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A new scientific and rational approach has been introduced in the company. This perfectly describes how an able entrepreneurs exercise their vision to motivate employees, inspire them to meet the challenges and to â€Å"facilitate their Attempts to achieve more than they thought possible as they strive to help the firm reach its vision† (Kuratko et al. 2001, p. 62). Ratan Tata chosen to shake off the businesses of soaps and toiletries, cosmetics, consumer electronics, pharmaceuticals, computer and telecom hardware, branded white goods, paints, oil exploration services, cement, textiles, likewise enthusiastic on his spreading out into lucrative businesses like passenger cars, auto components, retailing, telecom, power and insurance(Lala,2004). Ratan Tata free essay sample Land Rover might present an even more daunting challenge for Ratan Tata. It would be an uphill climb to restore Jaguar’s luxury cachet, which was damaged by sharing basic designs with Ford. As the organization gets bigger and more diverse, talent and retaining the value system will pose the biggest challenge in Tata Group (Engardio and Lakshman 2007) 2. 2 Long Term Succession â€Å"is a problem†. Ratan Tata is 69 years old, not married and has two dogs at his beachfront home he designed himself. He commands most Tata companies, which makes his failure to designate a successor all the more disconcerting. In Asian culture, the eldest son will take over the family business, however Tata is not married therefore he does not have any family members to take over his empire. Ratan, who is single and childless, could be the last Tata to oversee the group. His younger brother and three half-sisters aren’t involved in Tata business; his reclusive half-brother is unclear whether he’s tycoon timber (Engardio and Lakshman 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Ratan Tata or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ratan Tata public listed his companies, which also means his empire will still be ongoing after his departure. However, by public listing it, Tata is afraid he might lose control of his business and being so power-oriented, he dislikes his business to be controlled by others. Slimming the group down is also another problem Tata encountered. He set out to reduce scores of companies to just a dozen but have not succeeded, with nearly 100 companies with 300 subsidiaries in 40 businesses. Being a passionate promoter of CSR could also be a problem. Tata Steel spends millions annually on education, health and agricultural development projects in 800 nearby villages. Such generosity will be put to the test now that Tata owns struggling Corus, with $7. 4 billion in debt and absorbing Corus’ higher-cost operations will weaken margins. Tata were unable to give guarantees to Corus workers that they will remain competitive and jobs will not be cut. Tata were also slammed with difficulties in translating principles into the British and European context (Engardio and Lakshman 2007).

Eva Beem Essays

Eva Beem Essays Eva Beem Paper Eva Beem Paper Essay on Eva Beem Eva Beem in the Context of the Holocaust Eva Beem, a child of the Holocaust. When you think of the Holocaust, you think of Anne Frank, but there are so many more kids we need to acknowledge. One of them is Eva Beem. She was a little child that was a victim of the Holocaust. Therefore, I will discuss the life of this little girl who went through so much. She was eleven years old when she died with her older brother, Abraham. In the article, †Children During The Holocaust† the text states,†The Germans and their collaborators killed as many as 1.5 million children through these ways:Children killed when they arrived in killing centers;children killed immediately after birth or in institutions; children born in ghettos and camps who survived because prisoners hid them;children,usually children over 12,who were used as laborers and as subjects of medical experiments; children killed during reprisal operations or so-called anti-partisan operations.† This shows the many ways that children died including Ev a Beem, Anne Frank and many other Jewish children. Eva Beem: Childhood and Parents Eva Beem was born on May 21,1932 in Leeuwarden, Holland. Eva’s parents’ names were Hartog and Rosette Beem. Eva Beem was eight years old when she first went into hiding in fear of the Nazis killing her. Her brother, Abraham Beem, was also in hiding with her. Her parents had the idea of her going into hiding and posing as a Non-Jew in a rural village. The problem was that the Nazis found out about most of the children hiding through people who were given money for telling them about the Jewish children. When Eva was eleven she was denounced as a Jew in February of 1944. Eva and Abraham were departed to a concentration camp and were immediately murdered. Eva Beem and Anne Frank Eva Beem and Anne Frank are alike in many ways. Anne lived during the Holocaust and so did Eva.They are both at the age of attending school. Eva went into hiding as a Non-Jew and Anne was in hiding so that nobody would find her, but they both went into hiding. Soon afterward, they both were found. They both died at concentration camps, but in different ways. Anne died of a disease and Eva died of murder at her concentration camp. Eva Beem is like me in a ton of ways. Eva was eleven and I am now eleven. We both went and go to school. Eva doesn’t have a pet and I don’t either. We both were born in May. Not the exact date but we are pretty close. She had a brother and I have a brother. Our parents both worry about their kids, and that is how Eva and I are alike. The lesson that comes out of this is that many children died and they are normal, innocent children that couldn’t live the normal life they would have dreamed about. We should be thankful for what we have and that all children who died during the Holocaust should be honored and loved. Eva, Abraham, and Anne are all examples of children who died and that should be honored.

Burma’s Peaceful Transition to a Democratic Future Essay Example for Free

Burma’s Peaceful Transition to a Democratic Future Essay Burma is an Asian country that attained its independence on 4th January 1948 and is bordered by China on the North and Thailand on the East. it was referred to as the union of Burma in 1948. On January 4th 1974 it changed its name to the union of Burma and then on 23rd September, 1888 it reverted to the union of Burma. In 1989, then it changed the name again to the union of Myanmar and this was through the efforts by the state law and order restoration council (SLORC). It is a country whose population has had a lot of significance in Burma’s politics. The Burmese government is known as Myanmar and assumed an authoritarian feature that is dominated by a military leader. There have been substantial efforts to switch to a more democratic moves but these efforts have be hampered by the military which is against this move for example in 1990, a parliamentary government was elected but the Burma’s military could not let it to convene. Burma has a population of about 50 million people and has 500,000 troops who have been helping the government to create a regime of fear by denying the citizens most of their basic rights. Some democratic leaders have come up and visualized a viable idea of freeing the people from the torture they get from the government. In 1992 with his party the National League for Democracy, managed to scoop 82 % of all country’s parliamentary seats but the military regime which used dictatorship principles declined to transfer power to the leaders that were democratically elected. For more than ten years later, Aung San Suu kyi was put on house arrest and was released only in 2002. Her release was viewed by many as the only hope to the establishment of Burmese democratic government that would be sensitive to the people’s needs unfortunately in 2003 herself and many of her supporters were killed by a rowdy mob that was sponsored by the government. This conflict between the majority and the minority became evident after Burma achieved independence in 1948. It was at this time that Aung San Suu was given the mandate to control all those areas that traditionally were not controlled by only single community. After 1948 when the Burmese constitution was signed, constitution right have not been exercised on the minorities, they also do not have pieces of land and especially those that formerly belonged to their people. Since the war period, the Burman minorities have been sidelined by the majority who are the Burmese Burma was a British colony from the 1920s and this continued up to 1948. Though the Burma’s heartland was ruled directly by the colonial powers, the surrounding regions were allowed to rule themselves and this led the loyalty to split along the ethnic lines. The dominant ethnic group is the Burmese that comprise of 68 percent of the whole population and minority accounts for the remaining 32 percent. Religion in Burma has played a key role in causing further divisions. There are many religious in Burma for example there are Muslims, Buddhists and Hindus. These religious divisions have been aggravating the situations for example in 1991; more than a quarter million Muslims were evicted from their homes. This was exacerbated by the fact that there were many alliances formed. They were forced to cross the border to Bangladesh where they were accepted as refugees by the Bangladesh government but were helped by the international community with the basic needs. Today, the Burmese government is led a prime minister whose regime is greatly accused of displacing thousands of Burmese communities both internally and externally, some community such as Karen, Mon and Kareni were forced to seek refuge in Thailand. Those that are internationally displaced receive a better treatment than those that are internally displaced as the later are mistreated by the military. It is estimated that about 600,000 citizens have been internally displaced and are constantly looking for ways they could avoid slavery. They are used as slaves by this government as many of them are conscripted in the army by force or are left with no other choice except from joining the drug network that is sponsored by the state. There are various movements that have been trying to free the population of Burma from military. Some of these are; the Junta, the Karen National Union and the Moi Tai army though their efforts did not materialize because most of the current military officials are from the community with the majority that oppresses the minorities. So, it is really hard to make any advance but there is one very vibrant group that has mobilized the minorities to participate in a non-violent peaceful demonstration. Led by Buddhist monks, these people protested against the abuse of human rights and matched in groups of more than hundred thousand protestors in the streets. The Head of the State, General Shwe who is also the chairman of the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) is greatly criticized by the United States and the European governments which have imposed various sanctions that are enforced thorough consumer boycotts. The United States of America and the European governments using their influence led other Western nations to stop cooperating with Burma. Though these governments have been relentless in enforcing bans against Burma, some western companies are still cooperating due to some loopholes in sanction application. Most of these are the oil companies. Such as the American oil company and the French oil company. Also Cherron and the Yadana natural gas pipeline that runs from Burma all the way to Thailand is so much in use. There are still Asian businesses that operate in Burma for example the Daewoo Company that invests in extracting resources. The United States government in collaboration with the European governments also imposed sanctions on Burma’s clothing as well western nations to stop sourcing from Burma and more particularly those shops that were either partially or wholly supported by the government. After those peaceful protests, a good number of people stopped getting their products from Burma and these were led by an individual like Levi Strauss who was very vibrant in keeping up with the fight against the government products for example from 1992,many American cloth and shoes companies stopped acquiring their properties from Burma. In 2003, the united government banned Burma’s imports as in accordance with the Burmese freedom and democracy Act that was amended in the year 2003 however, some people have attacked this United States strategy of forcing this government to step down as has led many people to suffer greatly. Despite these critics, the move was supported by the Burmese democratic movement and has supposed by the Burmese democratic movement and has vowed to keep encouraging the western world to impose harder and stricter sanctions against the military government (Smith M. 1991) Burma insurgency and the politics of ethnicity London and New Jersey. Zed books. The human watches in Burma have highlighted all the crimes against humanity but there is no judiciary to address the problem any such move faces strong opposition from the military government. There is no free communication that is allowed by the Burmese military government in fact no one is allowed to access the internet and the search engines such as Google, G mail, hotmail and yahoo so the Burmese citizens are less informed. What the government has done is that it does not allow these companies to operate in its territory and as such they are blocked. If people have to access materials from the internet, they must first of all be filtered and censored by the military government. They use US filtering soft wares such as the Fortinet to censor emails, web pages and pro-democratic pages. In Burma, child soldiers are forcefully conscripted. They are also forced to punish their fellow military friends by being giving death threats incase they do not as they bare told. Children are conscripted in army by force. These children are promised to be jailed if they do not accept to join the army. Since the military regime usurped power in 1962, after overthrowing sthe democratically elected government, this regime has been one of the worst violators of human rights in the whole universe. The climax reached after the (SLORC) State Law and Order Restoration Council was changed To State Peace And Development Council sometimes back in 1997, November. This party in 1988 seized the states powers established itself and forcefully removed the little pretence that was there that they were upholding the dignity of the citizens and took part in massacring the demonstrates who were demonstrating against the creation of this undemocratic regime. They were marching in the streets of Rangoon and Burmese towns and cities when the military forces descended on them killing thousands. According to the comment that was made by the amnesty international human rights violation and torture were like a Burmese institution and they even listed various forms of abuses that were perpetrated by this corrupt regime. This report was further affirmed by the United Nations and other human rights watchdog. These abuses that they listed were for example torture, murder, litany abuses, forced displacements of citizens, holding or arresting individuals and keeping them in detention houses without trials and various litany abuses. These were the activities that were characteristic of this military regime and citizens have suffered enormously under it. Children were also abused by the military that forcefully conscript them in the army and also the villagers were forced to work for the military. Children are reportedly said to have been raped and defiled by the troops. The military operations that are from time to time conducted in various villages and these led to deterioration of living standards for example this was witnessed in Karen state and Shan state in 2001. This has forced many to be to run away to the neighboring states such as Thailand while those who are unable to move out of the country were internally displaced. The internally displaced and lived in the camps for internally displaced received very harsh treatment by the ruling military regime than those who manage to seek refuge in the neighboring states. The military regime do not in any way follow the internationally agreed freedoms for example the civil and political rights though Burma is a signatory to various international peace accords. Everything that happens in this country must be censored including the exhibitions. There is completely no freedom of expression. Even publications are not spared as they are censored by the government infact it is only sports and romance magazines are not censored. The broadcasting media houses are state owned and the government has the monopoly over them. They only air information that is favorable to them for example you it is common to see junta’s generals making speeches and from these stations and instead they go for less biased information. The SLOPCS has been very determined in curtailing the freedom of speech. Though they try to censor the information given by the public media, there are international ones that give more accurate information and these are what people rely on. These are stations such as the British broadcasting corporation (BBC), the democratic voice of Burma, radio Free Asia and the Voice of America (VOA). Apart from these international radio stations, any other person who goes against this decree risked twenty years imprisonment as per the 1996 decree. These are some of the laws that are enforced by this government without any regard to the international law standards. Burma is a resource-rich country that suffers from government controls and abject rural poverty. The military regime took steps in the early 1990s to liberalize the economy after decades of failure under the â€Å"Burmese Socialism†, but those efforts have since stalled. Burma has been unable to achieve monetary or fiscal stability, resulting in an economy that suffers from serious macroeconomic imbalances including a steep inflation rate and an official exchange rate that overvalues the Burmese kyat by more than 100 times the market rate. Burma is a nation that is rich in various natural resources for example the country has precious such as pearls and rubies. The country is also rich in natural gases. In 1962 its economy was performing well when compared to other economies of the developing nations but the socialist party which assumed power later changed the economic status of Burma for example it replaced the capitalism mode of economy with socialism that advocated for central planning as opposed to central planning. Due to this economic change it became one of the poorest developed nations of world. In addition, most overseas development assistance was cut after the junta suppressed the democracy movement in 1988 and subsequently ignored the results of the 1990 election. A crisis in the private banking sector in early 2003 followed by economic moves against Burma by the United States, the European Union, and Japan – including a US ban on imports from Burma and a Japanese freeze on new bilateral economic aid further weakened the Burmese economy. Burma is data poor, and official statistics are often dated and inaccurate. Published estimates of Burma’s foreign trade are greatly understated because of the size of the black market and border trade – often estimated to be one to two times the official economy. Better relations with foreign countries and relaxed controls at home are needed to promote foreign investment, exports, and tourism. In February 2003, a major banking crisis hit the country’s 20 private banks, shutting them down and disrupting the economy. In July and August 2003, the United States imposed a ban on all Burmese imports and a ban on provision of financial services, hampering Burma’s ability to obtain foreign exchange. As of January 2004, the largest private banks remained moribund, leaving the private sector with little formal access to credit outside of government contracts. In Burma the rate of unemployment is very high and the prices of commodities are very high and life standards are very high. According to one businessman said that the situation in Burma was moving from bad to worse and that there was looming danger of social unrest, lectures, professors and pipeline construction workers are poorly paid. Due the constant mass uprising by the democratic movement against this regime, it was rendered bankrupt in 1988 in the onset of the 21st century, it was on the lowest income generating countries in the world but it has greatly reversed this situation because it dropped its economic isolationism. It has also welcomed the foreign investors in its economy so that it would strengthen its military bases. In response to its call, UNOCAL and TOTAL oil companies came to its rescue. In Burma, there are military controlled economic sectors such as Myanmar economic holdings limited and the Myanmar economic corporation that is, UMEH and MEC respectively. These two industries which are controlled by the Burmese military are the ones that dominate the economic sector of Burma. UMEH is geared towards military strengthening while MEC is geared towards shifting the defense cost from the public sector to the private ones but both corporations have a part to play in strengthening the military base of Burma. Though European Union has been imposing economic sanctions to Burma its sanctions are not as stricter as those of the United States. It has invested a lot in Burma and it doesn’t want to lose the much that it has invested. United States has been very keen in reinforcing the bans or sanctions that have been imposed on Burma. The US government particularly has imposed a ban on its investments in this country and has also placed a ban against Burmese exports. Since the bans were proposed, US is the only nation that has implemented them. In the past, the European Union has not been imposing strict sanctions but starting from last year it has increased economic sanctions on precious metals and on imports such as gemstone and timber but they still demand for fresh elections to be held and human rights to be respected. It is only thorough these ways that the country can witness a transition from military rule to a democratic one. It had eased its sanctions basing its reasoning on its above conditions. Japan has been very friendly to Burma. It has never failed to support this military regime though on a small scale. Infact it is one of the major donor in Burma but it is reconsidering its foreign policy on Burma especially after a Japanese journalist was killed. It said that it would cut the aid that Burma gets from it. The other reason for it to withhold its financial aid was in 2003 when San Suu Kyi was kept in detention by the Junta. They believed that was the only best move that would pressurize the military regime to address the democratic principles that have never been allowed to take root in this regime. In 2002,Japan supported Burma’s government with 17 million US dollars on top of that it gave Burma the technical support it needed Japan which was all this time shying away from enforcing sanctions on Burma as the US and UK were doing, it changed its policy after this saga. The British government pressurized the European Union to increase sanctions until san Suu Kyi was realized but it was assured that these sanctions would be eased if Suu Kyi was released. That nation that seems to support Burma or appears or appears or appears to be annually to Burma face violation by the US and UK government and this has occurred to china and North Korea. This is based on misconception that these close friends would be providing economic support to this government that has little regards for its citizens. The United States for example was very bitter because Burmese government suppressed democracy and imposed its will on people and that is why it has imposed sanctions. The heroic stature of Aung San Suu Kyi has greatly helped in making Myanmar to be recognized world wide. China has been blamed for helping this region for its support. The western world cannot sway the Juntas government for this to be effective, then the regional ASEAN countries such as India, Thailand and especially china must first be willing to transform this government. China has been asking Myanmar to quell violence and control protesters but it seems this is falling on deaf ears. China has been helping Burma in international affairs management for example it has been very vibrant in keeping the issue of Burma out of the United Nation’s agenda but the United States and the British governments have been on the other side. Due to many economic sanctions that have been imposed on this regime, it finds it even hard to provide aid to its people who living in poverty. The aid that Burmese gets is below par and is the lowest in the region especially when it compared with that of the local countries for example, an individual’s aid is counted as 2. 5 dollars per head while that of Laos’s stands at 63 US dollars. China has been accused of providing Junta with military aid thus limiting the chances of democracy being realized. It has continued to conduct business relations with. Burma but it is because of some factors that are understandable and some of these are that Burma is rich in useful natural gases that china is interested in again Burma provides China with an overland route to the Indian ocean so Chinese government would not do anything to destroy its relations with Burma. Though there have been calls for better treatment of protestors, they fall on deaf ears. The amnesty international has been pressurizing the United Nations to impose embargos and sanctions on China so that peace in Burma would be realized. This is based on understanding that the Burmese military government relies on china for most of its assistance so, if china was to cut its military aid then, the Burmese government would be unable to control the nation there by creating a platform of peace transition. If the new government would come in place, it would not find it hard to sustain itself even without getting any financial aid from other countries. There are a lot of minerals that aid from other countries. There are a lot of minerals that would help the government to finance its entire government projects. The new government should create confidence among its citizens so that they would participate in the economy thereby making the economy of this nation even stronger. This government should also extend its business relations with other nations as many of them do not have those minerals and definitely they would be so much interested in them. Work cited. Altsean-Burma: Alternative Asean Network on Burma campaigns, advocacy and capacity-building for human rights. 2008. Accessed on Wednesday, March, 2008 at http://www. altsean. org/ Andrew S. Burma’s Armed Forces: Power without Glory. Norwalk: East Bridge. 2002; 45-56 Burma net News. Accessed on Wednesday, April 30, 2008 at www. burmanet. org BBC News. Analysis: Burma’s economic Crisis. 15th March, 2002, 13:47 GMT Accessed at http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/business/1871326. stm Brookings. Quality, independence and impact. Retrieved on April 30, 2008 at www. brookings. edu Donald M. S. Burma-China Relations: Playing with Fire. Asian Survey, Vol. 37, No. 6, 1997; 533 International Crisis Group. Working To Reduce Crisis World Wide. Retrieved on April 30, 2008 at http://www. crisisgroup. org/home/index. cfm Myanmar. com. New Light of Myanmar. April 30, 2008 Accessed on April 30, 2008. At http://www. myanmar. com Philip S. Robertson: Sanctions Are Working in Burma. 2003. Online commentary at www. irrawaddy. org/com/2003/com31. html Accessed on August 2003. Smith M. Burma insurgency and the politics of ethnicity. London and New Jersey. 1991; 78 Burma’s Peaceful Transition to a Democratic Future. (2016, Jul 31).

Foreign Terrorist Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Foreign Terrorist Organizations - Essay Example In 1989, Indian Army broke out the war against the freedom fighters of Kashmir and made propaganda against those fighters and called them as militants and terrorists. However, they were not the terrorists but they were put into these militant activities by the Indian Army. After 9/11, when America officially started its war against terrorism, it banned all those freedom fighters across the world and denoted them as FTO. Lashkar–e–Tayyiba was also banned and its main leaders got arrested. Later on, there was a reunion took place and the organization redeveloped with a new name of Jamat-ud-Dawah. The organization is quite famous in the territory of Kashmir as it had worked tremendously well in the times of 2005 earthquake in which around 73,000 people lost and their lives (DAWN.COM, 2010). A year ago, Supreme Court of Pakistan also released the leaders of Jamat-ud-Dawah from the allegations of terrorism and militancy activities as no allegation against those leaders was proved. On a concluding note, America should reconsider each of the FTO and assess whether that group’s activities are based on independence based movements or they are purely formulated to spread terror across the

A global perspective on the social determinant of health Essay

A global perspective on the social determinant of health - Essay Example This has happened to the extent that these days the word globalization has become synonymous with efficiency, economic opportunity and overall human security. While such developments are partially true there is also another side to the story. While the advanced nations of hemispheric West have had benign consequences as a result of globalization, key human development parameters of most Third World countries have fallen proportionately. Hence, it is difficult to present a blanket view of the impact of globalization on public health. In light of this fact, this essay will attempt to attain a nuanced understanding of globalization’s overall effect on public health outcomes across the world. This is done by way of perusing authentic scholarship on the subject. The litmus test for the efficiency and effectiveness of any public health system is its performance in a crisis situation. Civil societies have come to expect basic protections at the time of these crises. Such emergencies also test a government’s true ability to act under pressure. In other words, â€Å"they define a states capacity to protect its population while exposing its vulnerabilities to political upheaval in the aftermath of poorly managed crises† (Gorin, 2002). In the context of economic globalization at the turn of the new millennium, more than ever before, the general public demand transparency and accountability in global public health systems during medical and natural disasters. To gauge the robustness of public health systems in this new globalization paradigm, we need to study recent cases of acute public health emergencies. The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 and Hurricane Katrina are particularly relevant to this analysis. â€Å"Hurricane Katrina was unique in that the U.S. government accepted bilateral and multilateral relief aid, a rare event in modern times. In the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami, enough formal external resources prevented the public health emergency from

The Shaping of Character of Pecola Through Her Family and Her Society Essay Example for Free

The Shaping of Character of Pecola Through Her Family and Her Society Essay The Bluest eyes is the work of Toni Morrison. In this novel we can see that there are many characters that are very interesting to analyze it. Because the characters are very characteristic. We can see at the main character of the bluest eyes, Pecola. Pecola has psychological problem that is very interesting to analyze. So in here I want to analyze the character of Pecola that is shaped from her family and her society. In here the big question for analyze the changing of Pecola’s character: What make Pecola want to have blue eyes and get it until she seems crazy? And for this question, I use close reading and Psychoanalysis for know about the changing of Pecola’s Character and what the psychology problem in herself. Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis studies the often times skewed ways in which the mind expresses feelings. Those feelings range from anxiety and fear to hostility and sexual desire, and they can originate in a range of sources, from the traumas of personal history to the instincts of the body. Psychoanalysis is also concerned with the dynamics of interpersonal relations with the way the self is formed through interactions with its familial and sociocultural environment. Depending on the school of psychoanalysis one heeds, the study of mind’s operation in literature should be concerned either with the unconscious and the instincts or with the family, personal history, and the social world that shapes the self. Several reading strategies emerge from these psychoanalytic theories. A text might be read for the way unconscious material manifests itself through indirect means- images or descriptions that evoke psychological issues. The relation between characters might be studied for what they disclose about family dynamics and the way such dynamics shape selves. A psychoanalysis reading might also attend to such themes or issues as separation, loss, boundaries, fusion with others, and the struggle to form a coherent and functioning self out a damaging context or traumatic personal history. Finally, language itself can be studied as a means of instantiating unconscious processes and working through some of the issues an emerging self faces as it struggles for adult existence or as it seeks to come to terms with disturbing unconscious material. Pecola, her family and her society Pecola is a girl who eleven years old. Her father is Cholly Breedlove and her mother is Pauline Breedlove and her brother is Sammy. They are a poor family. In the beginning story have been described they have ugliness and describing of their ugliness is very clear. â€Å"Mrs. Breedlove, Sammy Breedlove, and Pecola Breedlovewore their ugliness, put it on, so to speak, although it did not belong to them. The eyes, the small eyes set closely together under narrow foreheads. The low, irregular hairlines, which seemed even more irregular in contrast to the straight, heavy eyebrows which nearly met. Keen but crooked noses, with insolent nostrils. They had high cheekbones, and their ears turned forward. Shapely lips which called attention not to themselves but to the rest of the face. You looked at them and wondered why they were so ugly; you looked closely and could not find the source. † (Morrison: 30) Pauline has bad character. She is a mother but she does not like a mother. Even she is more love to her boss’ daughter than her daughter. She feels disgusted to her daughter. She does her daughter like Pecola is not her daughter. She always treat Pecola and through ill treatment makes Pecola hate herself. Cholly, he is worst father. He is a drinker and he hate her daughter, Pecola. Even he rape Pecola. You can imagine that if there is a father rape her daughter? It shows to us he is worst father in the world. There are some characters that effect Pecola’s character. There are Frieda and Claudia who always love and keep Pecola from enable dangerous from their society. For example when Bay Boy, Woodrow Cain, Buddy Wilson, Junie Bug tried to mock Pecola, Frieda actually helped Pecola and made the black boys go away from them. Since that menstruation Pecola was in Claudia’s house because she had no house. Frieda and Claudia are very kind to her. They always play together. At one moment, when Frieda, Claudia and Pecola discussed about what they must do. The first proposal from Frieda to Pecola was go to Mr. Henry’s house to see girlie magazine. Suddenly in middle their discussion, blood was running down in her legs. Claudia was very panic and Frieda suddenly knew what they have to do. â€Å"Frieda said, Oh. Lordy! I know. I know what that is! What? Pecolas fingers went to her mouth. Thats ministratin. Whats that? You know. Am I going to die? she asked. Noooo. You wont die. It just means you can have a baby! (21) And her mother came and helped Frieda that is helping Pecola. After that happen, in the night they lay down in the bed and Frieda and Claudia awe and respect to Pecola because it means that Pecola is now grown up. There is a question from Pecola Is it true that I can have a baby now? and that question was answered by Frieda and said that â€Å"sure†. And Pecola asked again to Frieda â€Å"but†¦how? † and â€Å"Oh, said Frieda, somebody has to love you. . and Pecola asked again How do you do that? I mean, how do you get somebody to love you? but that question was not answered by Frieda because she had been asleep. Somebody has to love you? â€Å"Somebody has to love you. † That is the answer for Pecola where when the maturity that is signed by menstruation and based on the answer of Frieda how Pecola can have a baby. I think that statement â€Å"somebody has to love you† make Pecola think about how the way someone loves her. But the fact, there is no one love her include her family. That evidences are her mother didn’t like her, her father and her friends too. They hate her very much because of her ugliness. From at that time she thought to how the way somebody loves her and actually she has no her own standard of beauty based the standard of beauty generally in America. That is has white skin and has blue eyes. Her mind has been suggested by that standard of beauty. So she wants to have a pair of blue eyes. If she had a pair of blue eyes and can fulfill the standard of beauty, there’s somebody love her. But actually and true fact she did not have blue eyes and can’t fulfill the standard of beauty. Contrast to Pecola’s longing who want to fulfill the standard of beauty and everyone loves her. She even accept cruel treatment form her society especially from her family. Like I said before, her father and her mother did not like her very much. One day, when Frieda and Claudia visited to Pecola’s house, there is something happen that make Pauline was very anger. â€Å"Mrs. Breedlove yanked her up by the arm, slapped her again, and in a voice thin with anger, abused Pecola directly and Frieda and me by implication. Crazy fool my floor, mess look what you ork get on out now out crazy my floor, my floor my floor. Her words were hotter and darker than the smoking berries, and we backed away in dread. The little girl in pink started to cry. Mrs. Breedlove turned to her. Hush baby, hush. Come here. Oh, Lord, look at your dress. Dont cry no more. Polly will change it. †(85) That borned out that Pauline did not love Pecola very much and she prefer that baby than her daughter, Pecola. Her father is very cruel. He raped her own daughter and this made Pecola thought that her life is very bad and make her frustration. She thought that if she had a white skin and beautiful girl maybe her mother and her father did not do bad thing to her. So do her friends. Her friends did bad thing to Pecola too. She was ever mocked by black boys (Bay Boy,Woodrow Cain, BuddyWilson, Junie Bug ), â€Å"Black e mo. Black e mo. Yadaddsleepsnekked. Black e mo black e mo ya dadd sleeps nekked. Black e mo † and Maureen did too â€Å"I am cute! And you ugly! Black and ugly black e mos. I am cute! †. Everything her friends and her family did to Pecola made Pecola hated herself. Her face was very ugly and her body was black skin. The ugliness from herself have made her think about herself. One day, she has ever seen in front of the mirror and thought that she was really ugly and everyone did not want she is there. â€Å"Long hours she sat looking in the mirror, trying to discover the secret of the ugliness, the ugliness that made her ignored or despised at school, by teachers and classmates alike. She was the only member of her class who sat alone at a double desk. The first letter of her last name forced her to sit in the front of the room always. But what about Marie Appolonaire? Marie was in front of her, but she shared a desk with Luke Angelino. Her teachers had always treated her this way. They tried never to glance at her, and called on her only when everyone was required to respond. †(Morrison, 37) She thought that how beautiful she is if she has blue eyes. Yeah she wanted to have blue eyes. So their friend like and love her and did not something make her be anger and hate at herself. Why, look at pretty-eyed Pecola. We mustnt do bad things in front of those pretty eyes. Pretty eyes. Pretty blue eyes. Big blue pretty eyes. Run, Jip, run. Jip runs, Alice runs. Alice has blue eyes. Jerry has blue eyes. Jerry runs. Alice runs. They run with their blue eyes. Four blue eyes. Four pretty blue eyes. Blue-sky eyes. †(Morrison, 37) For reach her purpose to get blue eyes, she went to meet Soaphead who work in church. Do what for you? I cant go to school no more. And I thought maybe you could help me. Help you how? Tell me. Dont be frightened. My eyes. What about your eyes? I want them blue. (Morrison, 146) But Soaphead lies Pecola. He made something that did not make sense. He tried to lie with reaction of the dog. If the dog had strange behavior, it meant that her purpose had been acceded. She had blue eyes. But the dog behaves strangely and made Pecola thought that she has had blue eyes. In the end, she seemed crazy because she always talk with her own self. She felt she have had a pair blue eyes. The bluest eyes she had than Alice and Jerry in storybooks, bluer than Joanna’s, bluer than Michelena’s. pecola had the bluest eyes than her friends. Pecola and Psychological Problem Psychoanalysis discuss psychological problem in character. Character that loss identity and happen struggle at self to be interesting discussion in The Bluest Eyes novel. The main character is Pecola. In the beginning story there’s no happen in Pecola’s mind but after she always get ill treatment from her mother, her father and her friends, her character has changed. Her society makes herself change. Pecola does not thank to God upon her body’s condition. Even she hates herself and want to be the other that have blue eyes. Everything she has done include goes to Church to meet Soaphead that she believe can accede her dream want to have a pair of blue eyes. Unfortunately, she is just eleven years old girl and does not know that her condition can’t change because that is nature form birth. Soaphead is easier to lie her and make her seem crazy because she feel she have had blue eyes and in the end story she seems talk to herself and proud to have blue eyes. How sad she is. â€Å"The Bluest Eye portrays in poignant terms the tragic condition of the blacks in racist America. It examines how the ideologies perpetuated by the dominant groups and adopted by the marginalgroups influence the identity of the black women. Bombarded by image of white beauty, Morrison’s characters lose themselves to selfhatred and their only aim in life is to be white. They try to erase their heritage, and eventually like Pecola Breedlove, the protagonist,who yearns for blue eyes, have no recourse except madness. †(Bharati, Joshi, 39) Conclusion The bluest eyes is a novel that tell about the tragic condition of the black in racist America. Pecola that have black skin and does not fulfill the standard of beauty feel suffer and do everything to do fulfill that standard although in the end of the story she seems crazy because she has hallucination have a pair of bluest eyes. It show psychological problem at herself. Her family and her society that make her become to want the standard of beauty.

What Is One Worth? Essay -- Philosophy

What Is One Worth? In the depths of an individual’s being, lies his or her self-worth. Self-worth molds individuals into who they are, what they want to become. Self-worth lies at the heart of self-esteem. Self-esteem is, Palladino (1994) a blend of â€Å"self-confidence, self-worth, and self-respect. It involves respecting others, [along with] feeling a sense of harmony and peace within yourself† (sec.1p.1). The secret to higher self-esteem is the incentive to take accountability for one’s viewpoints, such as his or her aspirations, ethics, capabilities, and curiosities and to understand that these things combined is what makes them who they are (Palladino, 1994). However, the quest of higher self-esteem at times will cause sacrifices to be made by the individual to education, relationships, self-regulation, mental and physical health, as well as other concerns (Crocker & Knight, 2005). Palladino, (1994) noted that â€Å"self-esteem reflects [who each individual is] to everyone with whom [they] come into contact with (sec.1p.1). Self-esteem does not remain the same throughout an individual’s lifetime. There are many circumstances that come and go that causes self-esteem to also change. As stated by Palladino, (1994) â€Å"self-esteem is both conscious and unconscious. It is an ongoing assessment of who someone is; a belief about what they can and cannot do† (sec.1p. 1). For example, when a person buys a house, self-esteem will be high. If a person loses his or her house due to foreclosure, self-esteem can be low. Carl Rogers, one of the most influential psychologists in the 20th century, stated that [self-worth can be viewed as a gauge from high to low. There are times in one’s life where they are capable of handling the ba... ... life. However, each individual if they choose to do so can take charge over his or her life, and he or she can create better alternatives for themselves. References Crocker, Jennifer & Knight, Katherine M. (2005). Contingencies of Self Worth. Current Directions in Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell). Vol. 14 (Issue 4), pages 4, 200-203. McLeod, S.A. (2007). Simply Psychology; Carl Rogers. Retrieved April 26, 2012 from http://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html Palladino, Connie D. (1994). Developing Self Esteem: A Guide for Positive Success. Menlo Park, California: Crisp Publications. Vohs, Kathleen D (Editor); Finkel, Eli J. (2006). Self and Relationships: Connecting Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Processes. New York, NY, USA: Guilford Press. Retrieved from: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/apus/Doc?id=10172290&ppg=48

Nursing Homes Essay

For many of us we have a place that we go to, to rest, relax, and sleep a place that’s filled with memories, laughter, tears, and family a place we call home. Then we have the people such as the elderly that is forced or persuaded to believe that their place of comfort where they shared in memories with their family and love ones in their home is no longer suitable to meet their demanding needs due the illness and capabilities. So, their love ones take them on a tour to this place that tries to imitate a familiar place, but are far from feeling like home. What is this place you may ask?! A nursing home that is â€Å"a home away from home†, really? In my opinion Nursing homes do not benefit the ones that it’s design to help, rehabilitate, and care for but to strip the elderly of their dignity, sense of belonging, and respect. Many elderly people are at times helpless and really depending heavily on the individual who was hired to help them with day-to-day activiti es that we may take for granted. We wake up every day get out of bed, go to the restroom, and dress ourselves without any assistance, but the elderly do not have the opportunity to do the same day-to-day activities without waiting tirelessly on the people who seem to have forgotten that the elderly are humans. I have personally experience the careless and unthinkable acts of the people who work at the nursing home from ignoring the elderly who is screaming desperately from the depths of their soul to the top of their lungs for help! Yet the workers walk on by as if the sounds of help are sounds of sweet humming birds singing. As we freely walk to the restroom and cleanse ourselves the elderly waits upon the answer of their call button that seems to go unanswered until the elderly has no choice, but to release all that they were holding onto themselves and their beds. A lot of families think that they are doing their elderly love ones a good deed by sending them to a place that portrays to be a loving and caring because the family feel that they are unable to provide the round the clock care that their love one’s now need. But little do they know the place that they are sending their love one’s is not the place that appears to be, in my experience you have to ensure that your love one is receiving the care that the nursing homes promise to deliver by making daily visits to show the workers that this particular resident has a family that care and visit daily. When the workers see that the residents have family that comes daily the worker tends to answer pages and stay on top of what their job consist  upon. However, if you are a family that don’t visit your love one daily but just on holidays your elderly love one is more at risk of neglect then the motto of most nursing homes â€Å"We want those special members of your family to become equally special members of ours. We want to relieve the anxiety and frustration you may be experiencing by providing a nursing home community of constant support, attention and personalized care. Above all, we want to serve each person entrusted to us with compassion, dignity, purpose and respect.†

Three Sisters

The Three Sisters Summary Act I Act I takes place on May 5th of an unspecified year, in an unspecified provincial town in Russia. It is the twentieth birthday of Irina, the youngest of the sisters mentioned in the play's title. It is also the one year anniversary of the death of their father, Colonel Prozorov, who moved his family there from Moscow eleven years earlier. Irina and her older sisters, Olga and Masha, receive visitors, members of the military battery that is assigned to the town.The sisters discuss how bored they are with the town, how they long to move back to Moscow, and their brother Andrei, who will probably become a university professor. Olga, who is twenty-eight and the oldest sister, expresses interest in the new lieutenant colonel who has been assigned to the town, Vershinin, but is told that he is married, with two children. Chebutykin, the drunken old doctor who had been in love with the girls mother, gives Irina a silver samovar for her birthday, which is cons idered an inappropriate gift.Vershinin arrives, explaining that he knew the sisters' father back in Moscow, and that he remembers them from when they were girls. When he talks philosophically about how time makes all their lives insignificant, Solyony, a rough staff captain, mocks him by spouting gibberish. The sisters explain that they have been teasing their brother Andrei for being in love with a local girl, Natasha, who is married to the chairman of the county board, Protopopov. Masha's husband, Kulygin, arrives to take Masha to a school function, but she angrily refuses to go.Tuzenbach, an army lieutenant, expresses his love for Natasha, but she expresses her disinterest in him. When Natasha enters, Olga feels sorry for her poor fashion sense and suggests that her belt does not match the rest of her clothes. When everyone else leaves for the dining room for the celebration, Andrei tells Natasha of his love for her and asks her to marry him. Act II Almost a year later, in mid-Fe bruary, Andrei and Natasha are married and living in the family house.The sisters have invited their friends and some performers from the carnival that is in town over to the house, but Natasha tells Andrei that she objects to letting them in because she is worried about the health of their baby, Bobik. Ferapont, an old servant, enters with paperwork for Andrei, who is the secretary of the county board. When they leave the room, Masha and Vershinin enter and discuss their love for each other. Irina and Tuzenbach enter; he still is in love with her, and she is still uninterested. They discuss the great gambling losses that Andrei has incurred.Vershinin is called away by a letter from his daughter, saying that his wife has attempted suicide once again. Solyony arrives, is rude to Natasha, and is threatening to Tuzenbach, the reason for which becomes clear later in the scene, when he expresses his love for Irina and vows to kill any rivals. Natasha has the carnival performers sent away when they show up at the door, and, while Irina is upset about Solyony's threatening words, asks her to move out of her bedroom and into Olga's so that the baby can have her room.She goes to the door when she hears a sleigh bell and comes back acting surprised that it is Protopopov, come to take her for a ride, explaining that she feels that she has to accept. Kulygin and Vershinin enter the scene again the former's meeting is over and the latter's wife is all right to find that everyone has gone. The scene ends with Olga complaining of her terrible headaches and Irina repeating her wish to return to Moscow. Act III Act III takes place nearly four years after the opening of the play; Irina, who was twenty then, tells Olga that she is â€Å"almost twenty-four† while explaining how washed up she feels.This act takes place in the bedroom Olga and Irina share, while a fire is spreading across the neighborhood outside. Olga is choosing clothes from her closet to give to the fire victims, who have lost all of their belongings. She has invited people who have been made homeless by the fire, particularly Vershinin and his family, to spend the night there, but when she enters Natasha objects, saying that she doesn't want her son and new daughter to be exposed to the flu. Natasha discussing firing Anfisa, the old nurse who, as Olga explains, has been with the family for thirty years.Kulygin enters, again unable to find Masha, and brings the news that the doctor, Chebutykin, is drunk. When he enters, feeling guilty about a patient that has died, Chebutykin picks up a clock that once belonged to the girls' mother and breaks it: in his embarrassment, while everyone is staring at him disapprovingly, he blurts out that Natasha and Protopopov are having an affair. When Masha arrives, she and Vershinin communicate to each other in code, with musical notes. Kulygin tells Masha how much he loves her, how important she is to him, but she asks him to leave her alone to res t for a short while.When everyone is gone, the sisters talk about how difficult their lives are and about how difficult Natasha has made Andrei's life. Olga's advice to Irina, who hates her job, is to marry Tuzenbach, whether she loves him or not. After Natasha passes through the room with a candle, Masha confesses to her sisters that she is in love with Vershinin. Andrei enters and tells them that he has mortgaged the house to pay his gambling debts and given control of his money to Natasha. Irina announces that she will marry Tuzenbach. Act IVAbout a year after the previous act, in the garden outside of the house. The soldiers have been assigned to a new post and are stopping by throughout this scene to say goodbye. There is gossip about a fight that took place the previous day outside of the theater, during which Solyony challenged Tuzenbach to a duel. Olga is living at the school where she teaches, and Irina is planning on leaving with Tuzenbach later that day for Moscow. Chebut ykin leaves to be a witness to the duel, and Andrei enters, pestered by his assistant to sign more and more paperwork for the county board.As Masha cries over being left by Vershinin, her husband, Kulygin, tries to comfort her, not admitting that he knows what she is upset about. Natasha already has plans for the rooms of the house being vacated: she is moving Andrei down to Irina's room, ever further from her own, so that her baby Irina can have his room. Word comes that Tuzenbach has been killed in the duel, and at the play's end Irina, Olga, and Masha think about the future, hoping that they may one day understand the meaning of it all. The Three Sisters IntroductionChekhov referred to  The Three Sisters  as a â€Å"drama,† preferring to avoid the more confining labels of either â€Å"comedy† or â€Å"tragedy,† although later critics have argued for both of those labels. It is one of the four major plays that he wrote at the end of his life. Chekhov was a n accomplished fiction writer, one of the one of the most influential short story writers of all time. At the time that his plays were being produced there was some criticism that his dramas too closely resembled the style of fiction.Traditionalists found the action too cramped and the characters too inexpressive, noting that there were too many people on the stage at any one time, doing nothing, for audiences to be able to register the significance of it all. Contrary to expectations, though, Chekhov's plays were very popular in Moscow, where they were staged by the famous Moscow Art Theatre under the direction of Constantin Stanislavsky. The Three Sisters  was the first play that Chekhov wrote specifically for the Moscow Art Theatre, having experienced commercial success in his previous collaborations with the company,  The Seagull  and  Uncle Vanya.Like many of Chekhov's works, it is about the decay of the privileged class in Russia and the search for meaning in the moder n world. In the play, Olga, Masha, and Irina are refined and cultured young women in their twenties who were raised in urban Moscow but have been living in a small, colorless provincial town for eleven years. With their father dead, their anticipated return to Moscow comes to represent their hopes for living a good life, while the ordinariness of day-to-day living tightens its hold. First performed in 1901,  The Three Sisters  is a perennial favorite of actors and audiences.The Three Sisters Author Biography Although Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was trained as a physician and practiced as one, he came to dominate not just one field of literature, but two: plays and short stories. He was born in 1860 in Taganrog, a provincial town in the Ukraine area of Russia that was similar to the one described in  The Three Sisters. His family had a small grocery business that went bankrupt, forcing them to move to Moscow in 1876, although Chekhov stayed behind in Taganrog to finish his educatio n. With a scholarship to Moscow University, he studied to be a doctor of medicine, going into practice in 1884.At that time he started publishing short humorous sketches in the Moscow newspapers, though he had no serious artistic aspirations. His writing career became earnest when he moved to St. Petersburg in 1885 and befriended the editor of a literary journal, who recognized his talent and encouraged him. He did write plays, and some of these were produced, but his most memorable work from that period were his short stories, and by late 1880s, he was one of the world's great masters of short story writing. It was in the late 1890s, when Chekhov became associated with the Moscow Art Theatre, that he reached full maturity as a playwright.The theater, under director Constantin Stanislavsky (whose theories about acting method are standard texts for theater students today), producedThe Seagull  in 1896, followed by  Uncle Vanya  (1899),  The Three Sisters(1901) and  The Cher ry Orchard  (1904). Chekhov was very involved in the Moscow Art Theatre's productions of his plays, offering suggestions for the actors and constantly rewriting passages. He courted an actress from the company, Olga Knipper, who played Masha in the original production of  The Three Sisters  (he wrote the part with her in mind); they were married in 1901, just four months after the play opened.During much of their marriage, they were apart, because Chekhov, suffering from tuberculosis since 1884, often went to country retreats for medical treatment. He died of tuberculosis in Yalta in 1904, when he was forty-four years old. Act 1, Part 1 Summary The classic Russian play  The Three Sisters  explores the lives and dreams of three sisters, their brother, their friends and their lovers. The play, like the characters, is moody and atmospheric, gently exploring themes relating to the human capacities for dreaming, inaction in the face of those dreams and despair when those dreams disappear.The first act is set in the drawing room of the home of the Prozoroff sisters, Olga, Masha and Irina. Conversation reveals that they're hosting a party in honor of Irina's Saint's Day. As they wait for their guests to arrive and lunch to be served, Olga recalls in detail the day, exactly a year ago, that their father died. Irina tells her to not think of it. Olga then recalls how the family left Moscow eleven years ago and says that even though it's a beautiful day, she longs to be back there. Tusenbach, Solyony and Chebutykin appear in the dining room, joking about how what is being said is all garbage.Masha whistles quietly to herself as she reads. Olga tells her to stop and says that even though teaching all day gives her headaches and even though she feels her strength draining away, her dreams of – Irina completes her thought, saying that their dreams of going to Moscow are stronger than ever. Chebutykin and Tusenbach laugh as Olga and Irina refer to Masha bei ng the only one who wouldn't be able to go. Irina then talks about how happy she's felt all day, referring to memories of her childhood. Olga talks about how well and happy Irina looks, how lovely Masha is, how their brother Andrei is aining weight and how she herself has gotten older and thinner. She then talks about how being away from the school makes her feel younger and freer. She wishes she'd been married, and she feels she could still be married, saying she'd love her husband. Tusenbach comes in, saying the conversation is nonsense. Tusenbach announces that the sisters will be receiving a visit later that day from their new commander, Vershinin. He describes him as nice but says he talks too much, particularly about his wife and children, and he describes the wife as being half-mad.Solyony comes in, talking to Chebutykin, who ignores him as he makes notes about the components of a medication in a little notebook. Irina goes to him, talking about how happy she is and describin g herself as a little white bird. She has realized that the purpose and happiness of life can be found in hard, physical work. Olga jokes that Irina spends so much time lying in bed thinking, and Irina tells her to think of her as a woman now and not a little girl. Tusenbach talks at length about how he too longs for work.He was born and raised in an aristocratic family, and he feels some kind of storm of change is coming, change that will wipe out laziness, indifference and boredom. He says that in twenty-five years everyone will be working, and Solyony jokes that in twenty-five years Tusenbach will be dead, perhaps even shot by him. Chebutykin talks about how he doesn't really work, saying that since he left university he hasn't read anything but newspapers. A knock is heard, Chebutykin says he's being called downstairs and rushes out.Irina, Tusenbach and Olga talk about how he seems to be up to something, referring to how he always brings Irina extravagant presents. Masha stands and prepares to go, saying she'll be back later and recalling the exciting parties they had when their father was alive. She talks about feeling depressed, and Olga says tearfully that she understands. Solyony jokes about how annoying it is when a woman talks philosophical thoughts, and Masha speaks angrily to them both. Anfisa comes in, followed by Ferapont, who's carrying a large cake. Anfisa announces that the cake came from Protopopov, the Chairman of the District Council.The hard-of-hearing Ferapont can't make out Irina's message of thanks. Olga tells Ferapont and Anfisa to get some lunch in the kitchen, and they go out. Masha says she doesn't like Protopopov, and Irina says he wasn't invited to the party. Chebutykin comes in with a large silver samovar. As the sisters react with embarrassment and Tusenbach laughs, Chebutykin says the girls are all he has in the world. He's an old man, and he loved their mother. Finally, he says that there's nothing wrong with giving expensive presents to people one loves.Act 1, Part 1 Analysis Like most of the full-length plays by this playwright, the dramatic and thematic content of this play is revealed in subtle ways, with its meaning defined by its sense of mood, atmosphere and character. This makes it very different from plays defined by active plots, increasing emotional tension and vivid symbolism. All three elements are present in  The Three Sisters, but they are less relevant to the play's meaning than its overall sense of tone, its gently pointed observations about human nature and its juxtapositions.For example, even though Olga's memories, Irina's dreams and Masha's moods are all very real and very vivid, their true nature is revealed by the repeated comments from the men about conversations being nonsense and garbage. The audience knows perfectly well that they're talking about their own conversations, but because they're carefully juxtaposed with speeches from the sisters, we also know that the playwright is telling us that ultimately, everything the women are saying is nonsense.In other words, their dreams are empty. In spite of the women talking about wanting to go to Moscow, the men are indirectly saying they're never going to get there. As the play continues, we learn why. They're unwilling and/or unable to actually do anything in order to get there. This is the play's central comment about human nature, that extravagant dreams are all well and good but that action must be taken in order to make those dreams reality. Several elements of foreshadowing appear in this scene.These include Solyony's reference to shooting Tusenbach, which foreshadows Tusenbach's death at the end of the play, and also Tusenbach's reference to Vershinin and his family, which foreshadows Vershinin's imminent appearance and the appearance of his family in the sisters' home in Act 3. Other foreshadowing includes the mention of Protopopov, a character who plays an unseen role in the development of the futur e relationship between Andrei and his wife. Two aspects of Russian life play important roles in this scene.The first is the reference to Irina's name day, a celebration of the saint from whom Irina received one of her names. The giving of children the name of a saint is a Russian tradition. The second aspect of Russian life mentioned here is the samovar, a large heated urn in which tea is brewed and served. Because they're usually made of a less expensive metal than silver, Chebutykin's gift is truly extravagant and inappropriate coming from someone who isn't either wealthy or a member of the immediate family. Act 1, Part 2 Summary Anfisa comes in, announcing Vershinin's arrival.As she goes out, urging Irina to behave herself, Vershinin comes in, exclaiming that he's very glad to be there and referring to his memories of having met the sisters when they were little girls. He comments on how time passes. He explains that he knew their father when they were both in Moscow, says he rem embers Masha's face a bit and talks about how he used to visit them all. As Irina and Olga talk about how they'll be back in Moscow by the fall, Masha suddenly recalls Vershinin's visits and how they always used to call him â€Å"the lovesick major† because he was always in love with someone or other.As Vershinin laughs, Masha becomes tearful about how old he now looks. Olga says he doesn't look old at all, and Vershinin says he's only forty-three. He and the sisters talk about which streets they used to live on, with Vershinin recalling a bridge near his home and how â€Å"a lonely man feels sick at heart there. † He quickly changes his mood, talking about the wonderful river running through their small town and how beautiful the climate is. The train station is far away, and nobody knows why. Solyony makes a bad joke, and there is an awkward silence. Then Olga says that she too recalls Vershinin.He says he knew their mother, and Chebutykin talks about how beautiful s he was. Irina mentions that she's buried in Moscow, and Masha says she's starting to forget her face. This leads Vershinin into a long speech about how everyone will be forgotten someday. What's important will one day be insignificant, and their lives will be considered idle. Tusenbach suggests that perhaps their lives will be recalled with respect. Solyony teases him, and Tusenbach asks him to go. When Solyony persists, Tusenbach keeps talking, and Chebutykin jokes about how small people are in general and how small he is in particular.A violin is heard, and the sisters explain that it's being played by Andrei, whom they say is going to be a professor. They also talk about how they've been teasing him for being in love with a local girl, with Masha going on at some length about how vulgar she is and about how she's heard the girl is engaged to Protopopov. She then calls Andrei, who comes in and is introduced to Vershinin. When he hears Vershinin is from Moscow, Andrei jokes that hi s sisters will now never leave him alone. The sisters tease their brother, and he becomes upset.The girls joke that they used to tease Vershinin and that he never minded. Andrei makes them stop, explaining he had an unsettled night and that his lack of sleep has kept him from doing what he really wants to do, translate a book into English. He says their father had high expectations of all his children, and he (Andrei) has gained weight since his father's death as though he's been freed from carrying a heavy load. All the children know several languages, and Andrei refers particularly to Irina knowing Italian. Masha talks about how useless knowing so many languages is.This leads Vershinin to talk at length about how even in their small town, their knowledge will slowly gain influence. Over the years, that influence will grow to the point where the town is populated by people like them. He says that life is meant to be beautiful and that their knowledge is the seed of the beautiful li fe to come. Masha announces she's staying to lunch. Tusenbach starts talking about how that beautiful life must be earned and worked for. Vershinin talks about how beautiful the sisters' home is. Tusenbach tries again to talk about the value of work.Vershinin talks about how he often wonders what would happen if life could be started anew and says that if he had the chance, he'd create a life in which he lived in a house like that of the sisters. Vershinin mentions his wife and daughters and says he wouldn't marry. Act 1, Part 2 Analysis The key element of this section is the introduction of Vershinin and the repeated foreshadowing of his eventual affair with Masha. He and Masha share recollections of each other, and he is also referred to as the lovesick major.His reference to a lonely man, which the audience can easily understand from the context of what he says as a reference to himself, and Masha's sudden change of heart about staying for lunch provide additional foreshadowing. Their relationship is also foreshadowed in Vershinin's comments about wanting to start a new life, something that both he and Masha clearly want to do, as the continuing action of the play reveals. Vershinin's reasons are revealed through his conversation, while Masha's reasons are revealed as the result of the entrance of her husband, who appears at the beginning of the final section of this act.Another piece of foreshadowing is Andrei's reference to Irina's knowledge of Italian, which foreshadows her emotional breakdown later in the play when she laments having forgotten all her Italian. Also, Solyony's continued teasing of Tusenbach continues to foreshadow Tusenbach' eventual death. Finally, the sisters' teasing of Andrei about Natasha foreshadows her entrance and their eventual marriage, while Masha's reference to the rumors about Natasha and Protopopov foreshadow developments later in the play that imply they're having an affair.Vershinin's comments and observations about the f uture can easily be interpreted as some kind of thematic statement. The same point could be made in terms of Tusenbach and Irina's comments about the value of work. They are related to the play's theme, but not in the way they might at first seem. Both men are, in essence, saying that they don't want to live the lives they're living. This state of being, or perhaps non-being might be a better phrase, is also true of the three sisters.Olga and Irina are desperate to live lives in Moscow, and Masha (as we'll see) is equally desperate to live any kind of life as long as it doesn't involve her husband. In short, none of the play's central characters want to live the lives in which they find themselves, a situation that also becomes true of Andrei and Natasha later in the play. The action of the play, such as it is, reveals how these dreams of escape are all futile because, as previously discussed, the characters don't really do anything to bring them to reality. Tusenbach and Irina do g et jobs, and Masha and Vershinin have an affair.However, Irina never does anything to try to get to Moscow, and neither does Olga. By the same token, Vershinin and Masha have their fling, but at the end of the play, they return to life with their respective spouses. Later in the play, the audience also sees how Andrei's dreams of success have evaporated, and he finds himself completely dominated by his wife. Only Natasha, ironically enough, gets everything she wants, but the point here is that she gets it because she works for it, fights for it and doesn't stop until she gets it. She has bad manners. She's pushy, and she's selfish.However, she realizes her dreams. Do the other characters need to be more pushy and more selfish? They may or may not. The dramatic point of the play is not whether selfishness and pushiness are virtues but rather that the characters need to dosomething. The thematic point of the play, therefore, is that all human beings need to work for something. Otherwi se, life will end up as hollow as those of the three sisters and their men. Act 1, Part 3 Summary Kulygin comes in, greets Irina, gives her a little book he wrote detailing the history of the school where he and Olga both teach and introduces himself to Vershinin.Irina tells Kulygin he already gave her a copy of the book. Kulygin takes the book from her and gives it to Vershinin. Vershinin prepares to go, but Olga and Irina insist he join them for lunch. He agrees to stay and goes with Olga into the dining room in the back. Kulygin chatters about the tradition of Sunday rest. He comments on how the rugs should be cleaned, how life must be ordered, how glad he is that Masha loves him, how the curtains should be cleaned and how he and Masha have been invited to join the director of the school for a walk.Masha irritably says she's not going, refusing to explain why. Kulygin talks about his plans to join the director at his home in the evening and comments that the clock is fast. Andrei 's violin is heard as Olga calls everyone in to lunch. As they all go in, Masha sternly tells Chebutykin to not drink. Chebutykin says it's been two years since he was drunk, but Masha says again he shouldn't drink at all. She then complains about having to go to the director's again. Tusenbach and Chebutykin advise her to not go, and she goes into the dining room, complaining about how awful her life is.Solyony teases Tusenbach again. Kulygin drinks a toast to how wonderful Masha is. Vershinin talks about how good he feels being in the house, and they all prepare to sit down to lunch. In the drawing room, Irina comments to Tusenbach on Masha's bad mood, saying she's not happy with Kulygin. Olga calls to Andrei, and he comes in as Irina talks about how uneasy she feels around Solyony. Tusenbach talks about how he feels sorry for Solyony. He's fine when they're alone together, but when they're around people, Solyony becomes crude and bullying.Tusenbach then talks about how much he lo ves Irina, saying his desire for work is bound up with his desire to make a beautiful life for her. Irina tearfully says life isn't beautiful for her or her sisters, saying she feels like grass stifled by weeds. She talks about needing to work, saying she comes from a family that has always despised work. Natasha rushes in, checks herself in a mirror, congratulates Irina and greets Tusenbach. Olga comes in and greets her, commenting that her clothes don't match. Natasha wonders whether it's a kind of omen, but Olga says it just looks odd.She leads Natasha into the dining room as Kulygin toasts a future fiancy for Irina. He and Chebutykin joke about how she's already got a fiancy, and Masha demands a drink. Solyony jokes that the liqueur is made of cockroaches, and Olga invites everyone to come for dinner. Chebutykin jokes about how everyone is made for love, and Andrei loses his temper. Fedotik and Rode arrive. Fedotik takes a lot of pictures, and he offers Irina a toy top. Kulygin jokes about how there are thirteen people at the table, and he says that that means there are lovers there.He jokes that one of them is Chebutykin, who in turn jokes about why Natasha's suddenly embarrassed. Natasha runs into the drawing room, and Andrei runs after her. Natasha says she couldn't help running off, adding that she knows that it's bad manners but just couldn't stay. Andrei comforts her and moves her to a window where they can't be seen. He talks about how wonderful her youth is and how much in love with her he is. Then, he proposes marriage and kisses her. Act 1, Part 3 Analysis The third section of the act develops several key relationships.The first is the romantic triangle involving Vershinin, Masha and Kulygin, whose pedantic boorishness is so vividly portrayed that the audience immediately understands why Masha finds the intelligent and apparently more sensitive Vershinin so attractive. The second is the relationship between Natasha and Andrei, which is something of a mystery. We wonder, as perhaps the three sisters do, why he finds her attractive. The answer might be found in the previously discussed point about Natasha's determination. She may dress badly, but she's got spirit.This is indicated by the way she gets herself away from an uncomfortable situation, as opposed to putting up with it the way that â€Å"ladies† like the three sisters might. The idea is supported later in the play by the way Andrei remains something of a non-entity, with no real career and no personality. In other words, he's attracted to her get up and go, mostly because his own got away. The third relationship developed is that of Tusenbach and Irina. Tusenbach is revealed as a thorough romantic, passionately idealistic in a way none of the characters are. They have dreams and longings, while he has goals and at least a degree of zeal.He believes in his dreams more strongly and actually makes at least some effort to bring them to fruition. He confesses his l ove to Irina and actually gets a job, but like the other characters, he doesn't go all the way. Throughout the play, he seems content to wait for Irina to come to him in the same way as he seems prepared to wait for the future, as opposed to moving directly and determinedly into it. As for Irina, her tearfulness in their conversation suggests that her earlier radiant happiness was actually a mask and that she actually is beginning to despair that her life is never going to be what she dreams.The despair hasn't yet taken over completely. That comes in Act 3, when the world around her is literally destroyed by fire in the same way as her inner, dream-filled world has been destroyed by pointless work, frustrated dreams and the banality of people around her, particularly Natasha. Nevertheless, the seeds of despair are planted in this scene and grow throughout the play. The other key piece of foreshadowing here, aside from the glimpse of Irina's despair, is Masha's reference to Chebutyki n's drinking.This foreshadows his appearance in Act 3, Part 1, in which he refers to having killed a patient after operating on her while drunk. Act 2, Part 1 Summary This act also takes place in the drawing/dining room, some months after the events of Act 1. Natasha comes in, searching to ensure no servants have left any candles burning. She calls to Andrei, who comes in. Conversation reveals that it's Carnival Week. Olga now works at the Teacher's Council office, and Irina works at the telegraph office. Andrei and Natasha now are married and have a child, Bobik, over whom Natasha worries excessively.She tells Andrei she doesn't want the maskers to stop by, saying they'll disturb Bobik's rest. Andrei reminds her they were invited and that the decision is really up to his sisters, who are still mistresses of the house. Natasha says she'll tell them as well and talks about her plans to move Bobik into Irina's room and Irina into Olga's room. After asking why Andrei isn't saying anyth ing, she tells him Ferapont has come with a message from the council. Andrei tells her to tell Ferapont to come in, and Natasha goes. A moment later, Ferapont comes in with some papers and a book.Andrei looks at the papers, commenting as he does about how surprised he is at how life changes. He refers to a book of university lectures he's been reading. He has been named secretary to the council run by Protopopov, and the most he can realistically be now is actually on the council. He still dreams of being a famous lecturer at Moscow University, though. Ferapont comments that he doesn't really hear what Andrei is saying, but Andrei says if he could hear properly, he (Andrei) wouldn't be talking, adding that his wife never listens and that he's afraid his sisters will laugh at them.He reminisces about his days in Moscow, saying that there nobody knows you but you're not a stranger, while here everybody knows him but he's a total stranger. After chatting briefly about whether Ferapont was ever in Moscow, Andrei tells him he can go and then goes back into his own room. Masha and Vershinin come in from another direction, in the middle of a conversation about the bad manners of the people of the town as opposed to the good manners Masha is used to dealing with from her father's fellow soldiers. She also talks about how she married Kulygin when she was eighteen.She was both afraid of him and impressed by him because he was a schoolteacher, but she has since become completely disillusioned. She talks about how miserable she is when she's with his boorish colleagues, leading Vershinin to talk about how everyone in the town, military or otherwise, is as uninteresting as everyone else. He wonders aloud why Russians are such lofty thinkers but live such low, worn out lives. Masha asks why he's unhappy, and he explains that one of his daughters is unwell and that his wife is in a very bad mood.He kisses her hand and apologizes for talking so much, but he says he's got nobo dy in his life other than her. Masha refers to the spooky sound of the wind in the stove, but he goes on talking about how wonderful and beautiful she is and saying how much he loves her. At first she tells him to stop, and then she tells him to keep going. When she sees Irina and Tusenbach coming, she tells him again to stop. As Tusenbach and Irina come in, Tusenbach is talking about how he has a German name but is truly Russian at heart.Irina complains that she's tired, but he doesn't appear to notice, talking about how he'll gladly see her home every night. As he greets Masha and Vershinin, Irina talks about how she was rude to a customer at the telegraph office for no reason, and she asks whether the maskers are coming. Masha confirms that they are, and Irina again says she's tired. Masha jokes that she's starting to look like a boy, and Irina says the mindlessness and soullessness of the work is really starting to get to her. There's a knock on the floor, and Irina understands it to be a signal from Chebutykin, asking if he can come up.She tells Tusenbach to answer and then tells Masha that Chebutykin and Andrei were out gambling again and lost a lot of money. She talks about her continuing dream of going to Moscow, saying she's planning to leave in a few months. Masha comments that Natasha mustn't hear about Andrei's losses, and Irina says it wouldn't matter. Chebutykin comes in and sits at the dining room table. Masha and Irina talk about how he hasn't paid any rent in months. When he calls Irina to join him, she joins him at the table and begins playing solitaire. Act 2, Part 1 AnalysisIn the first part of this section, the audience sees Natasha's previously discussed determination in action as she overrides the wishes of her husband and his sisters about the maskers and makes plans to override their lives even more. In short, she is pursuing what she wants in a way that Andrei has clearly never done. It's also becoming clear that his sisters have neve r done things that way either. The contrast between Natasha and the Prozoroffs is further defined by the way Andrei simply talks about how unhappy he is even while Natasha is acting to improve and/or change her life.Andrei's capacity for, and habit of, talking rather than actually acting is repeated in this section by Irina. It's important to note that even though she talks about leaving for Moscow in a few months, there is no actual evidence that she's doing anything about it. There is no evidence of tickets or packing, and she has no real plans of any kind. The audience sees her being sucked into the same kind of dull, repetitive work that Olga refers to in Act 1 as sapping her of her strength and her will. This is a development in her personality that even Tusenbach's protestations of love and Masha's teasing about her looks seem unable to slow.In contrast to Irina's tiredness, Andrei's dullness and the way they both complain, Masha's flirting with Vershinin stands out as the onl y effort being made by anyone in the Prozoroff family to create desired change in her life. She wants to escape, somehow, from her husband, and she is making carefully modulated overtures to Vershinin so that he will help her get away, whether emotionally, sexually or intellectually. For his part, Vershinin is also making an effort to get out of his misery. His romantic proclamations perform the same unction for him as they do for her, drawing them both out of the lives they can't bear to live and into an existence where there is both excitement and intimacy. As previously discussed, however, they both escape only to a point. Foreshadowing in this scene includes the reference to Protopopov, which foreshadows Natasha's taking a ride with him later in the act, and Irina's despair, which foreshadows her emotional breakdown in the following act. Act 2, Part 2 Summary Vershinin suggests that he, Tusenbach and Masha imagine what life will be like in two hundred years.Tusenbach suggests th at in spite of there being great technological advances, human beings will be exactly the same, complaining about how empty life is and being afraid to die. Vershinin says, as he did in Act 1, Part 2, that life will be very different in two hundred years and that work must begin now to prepare. He adds that there can be no true happiness in the present but there will be in the future, â€Å"for the descendants of [his] descendants. † Fedotik and Rode join Irina and Chebutykin in the dining room as Tusenbach asks what Vershinin would say if Tusenbach claimed to be already happy.Vershinin says he can't be. As Masha laughs quietly, Tusenbach says again life will never change. Birds will migrate the same way, and philosophers will philosophize the same way. Ultimately, he says, life has no meaning. Masha says she believes that life has to have some meaning, or else it's all waste. Vershinin says it's a shame that youth passes, and Tusenbach says it's difficult to argue with them. In the dining room, Chebutykin comments on an article in the paper that he's reading and makes a note in his little book. Tusenbach tells Masha he's resigned from the military.Masha says she doesn't like civilians, and the audience realizes that she's referring back to her earlier conversation with Vershinin, in which she said she prefers soldiers to civilians. Tusenbach talks about how he's looking forward to working hard and joins Irina in the dining room just as Fedotik is giving her some crayons. She complains about how he always treats her like a child, but then she laughs with joy at the pretty colors. The samovar is brought in, and Anfisa pours tea. Solyony comes into the dining room. Natasha also comes in, and several conversations continue at the same time.As Vershinin and Masha talk about the wind, Irina says her game of solitaire will come out, but Fedotik says it won't, joking that it means she won't be going to Moscow. Meanwhile, Chebutykin reads aloud from his newspap er, and Anfisa brings tea to Vershinin and Masha. Natasha chatters to Solyony about how special Bobik is, and Solyony makes a crude joke about how all children should be cooked and eaten. Vershinin tells Masha a story about a prisoner who said he never noticed the beauty of bird song until he was in jail, and who then said once he was released, he went back to not noticing.He says that in the same way, once Masha is in Moscow, she won't notice its beauty, saying again that happiness doesn't exist; we just long for it. Anfisa brings him a note. He reads it and then tells Masha his wife has again tried to commit suicide. He goes out, and Anfisa complains that he hasn't finished his tea. Masha loses her temper and goes into the dining room. Andrei calls for Anfisa, and she goes out to him as Masha messes up Irina's game of solitaire. Irina becomes upset. Chebutykin makes a joke, and Natasha asks why she makes herself look so ugly.She says Irina would be charming if she didn't speak so crudely and that Irina speaks in very bad French. Tusenbach and the others can barely restrain their laughter. Natasha again becomes embarrassed and goes out. Irina asks where Vershinin went. Masha explains that something happened with his wife as Tusenbach goes to Solyony, offers him a drink and offers to make peace and be friends. Solyony says there's no need to make peace, saying there's no quarrel. He goes on to say he's fine when he's alone with someone, but when he's with large groups of people, he can't help behaving strangely.He also says he doesn't dislike Tusenbach and that he makes the comments he does just because he's moody. Andrei comes in, sitting quietly with his book of lectures as Tusenbach tells Solyony he's resigning from the military. Solyony tells him to give up on his dreams and then interrupts as Chebutykin and Irina pass by, talking about the ingredients of a stew. Solyony says Chebutykin has the name of one of the ingredients wrong. He and Solyony argue, an d Andrei asks them to be quiet. Tusenbach asks when the maskers are coming, and Irina says they'll be there soon.Chebutykin and Tusenbach sing and dance in the way the maskers would. Tusenbach then promises to go to the university with Andrei, leading to an argument with Solyony about how many universities there are. After insisting there are two and being ignored, Solyony leaves the room. Tusenbach applauds his leaving and then sits at a piano and plays. As Masha sings and dances by herself, Natasha has a quiet word with Chebutykin and then goes out. Chebutykin then whispers to Tusenbach, who stops playing. Chebutykin tells Irina they need to go.Irina asks why they aren't staying for the maskers, and Andrei sheepishly confesses that the maskers aren't coming because Natasha doesn't want them around when Bobik's not well. Masha suggests it's Natasha who's not well, in the head. Andrei goes out, and Chebutykin follows him. Fedotik and Rode say their farewells and go, and Masha and Ir ina follow them to the door. Act 2, Part 2 Analysis In the same way as the comments of Vershinin, Tusenbach and Irina in Act 1, Part 2 might be interpreted as making thematic statements, comments made by several characters in this scene might be interpreted the same way.These include Vershinin's comments that life will change, Tusenbach' comments that life will never change and is ultimately meaningless, Masha's comments that life must have meaning and Vershinin' story about the prisoner and the birds. The point must be made, however, that philosophical comments made by characters aren't necessarily the philosophical comments of the play. In fact, the point made by all these philosophical conversations is related to the point made earlier – that these characters are talkers rather than doers, intellectuals and dreamers as opposed to actual participants in life.It's true that they participate to a point. Tusenbach resigns from the military, and Vershinin and Masha seduce each other. In general, though, their efforts are pretty minimal. They don't really want to make a change, an idea born out by the way Irina at first resents being treated like a child by Fedotik and then turns around and reacts with very childlike happiness at his little gift. Later in this act, the audience sees again how Natasha is a very different character, doing exactly what she wants and not really thinking at all.Other than the philosophies of the various characters, what's particularly noteworthy about this section of the act is its busyness. Many things seem to be going on at the same time. Aside from creating an effectively realistic portrayal of what happens with large parties – as smaller parties form and individuals move from group to group – the sequence gives a clear sense of the kind of lives these characters live. The audience experiences them becoming involved in petty arguments and minor joys, in discussions about large subjects that actually perform the trivial unction of killing time and in spontaneous music and dancing that is actually an expression of frustration and loneliness. What they're doing is actually important because they're all just waiting, and not just for the maskers. The maskers, in fact, are a symbol of what they're truly waiting for – the future, the chance to feel and hearing someone to say something loving to them. It's no coincidence, therefore, that the maskers come but are sent away. This represents the way the future comes but isn't being faced head on by anyone but Natasha, who faces both the maskers and the future with equal determination.It's this sense of a lack of importance to life, this sense of futility in her activities and those of the people around her, that leads Irina to her moment of climactic frustration at the end of the act and contributes to her emotional breakdown in Act 3. Act 2, Part 3 Summary Chebutykin and Andrei come back in, dressed to go out. Chebutykin talks about how he never married because he never had time and because he was in love with Andrei's mother. Andrei says marriage is boring, but Chebutykin says it's worse to be lonely. Andrei urges him to hurry, saying he's afraid Natasha will stop them.The audience understands that the two of them are going out gambling again. As they go out, Andrei asks Chebutykin what he should do about his shortness of breath. Chebutykin says he doesn't know, adding that he's forgotten everything about being a doctor. After Andrei and Chebutykin are gone, laughter is heard from outside. Irina and Anfisa come in from separate entrances, and Irina says the maskers must be sent away. As Anfisa goes out, Solyony comes in, apologizing for his behavior and saying he deeply loves Irina. Even though she tells him to leave her alone, he talks about how beautiful she is.Finally, her anger gets through to him. He says that even though he's professing noble emotions, it's as though he's not in the room and promises to kill an y rival for her love. He repeats that he loves her. Natasha passes through wearing her dressing gown and becoming embarrassed when she sees Solyony. Solyony goes out, and Natasha comments on how tired Irina looks, suggesting that Irina think about moving in with Olga so that Bobik can have her room. Irina doesn't seem to be listening. A maid comes in and tells Natasha that Protopopov has come to take her for a ride in his carriage.She laughs about how silly men are and tells the maid to tell Protopopov she's coming. She goes out to get ready as Kulygin and Vershinin come in, wondering what happened to the party, looking for Masha and asking why Protopopov is downstairs. Olga also comes in, complaining about how her head aches and talking about how much money Andrei has lost in gambling. Vershinin says his wife is all right. In passing, he mentions the possibility that his regiment will be ordered to leave and asks Kulygin to go out somewhere with him because he can't bear to go home .Kulygin at first says he doesn't want to go but then says he needs to leave, disappointed at the party not happening. He goes out, followed by Vershinin. Olga talks again about her headache. She says the whole town is gossiping about Andrei and she's looking forward to her day off, and then she goes out. Irina comments that everyone has gone. Natasha passes through on her way out, telling her maid she'll be back in half an hour. After she's gone, Irina says to herself, â€Å"To Moscow! To Moscow! To Moscow! † Act 2, Part 3 Analysis Once again in this section the audience sees the characters filling in time.Specifically, Chebutykin and Andrei fill the emptiness and loneliness of their lives with gambling. In their conversation, we also understand for the first time a little more of why Chebutykin is so devoted to the family, and particularly to Irina. His love for them is an outlet for the love he felt for their mother. Love also appears, much more surprisingly, in the conver sation between Solyony and Irina. Up to this point, Solyony might easily have been perceived as being eccentric and angry, but essentially harmless and just a little irritating.At this point, however, he is easily among the most passionate and deeply feeling characters in the play. Unlike the longings of many of the others, which are expressed in terms that come across as either watery or intellectual, Solyony's passion comes across as deeply felt and almost dangerously intense. The fact that Natasha interrupts his conversation with Irina is no coincidence. Natasha and Solyony are both ruthless in their pursuit of what they want and dream of. The fact that Solyony doesn't actually get it is irrelevant.He feels strongly enough to say he'll kill, and he will actually follow through in a way that few of the other characters follow through on their dreams. Irina's crying out for Moscow is a response to everything she's experienced in this act, her fatigue and disillusionment in Part 1, the relative emptiness of the lives lived (including her own) in Part 2 and her distaste for Solyony in this section. She is clearly in despair and sees escape to Moscow as her only hope. Later in the play, however, it becomes clear that she will never actually go.She gets more and more frustrated and disillusioned, but she never, ever goes. The question of why not is answered by the previously discussed idea that she, like so many other characters in the play, is a thinker and dreamer, not a doer. Making her dreams come true is perhaps too hard for her, or maybe she doesn't really know how, her mind having been filled with several languages at the expense of practicality, determination and coping skills. Whatever the reason, her final words represent the present despair felt by Olga, Vershinin, Masha, Solyony and Andrei, and the deeper despair to come for all of them.In fact, in the cries of this idealistic young woman, the audience can hear the cry of every human being that hopes his or her dreams will once, just once, come true. Conversely, in her lack of action we see how the choices of every human being determine whether that actually happens. Act 3, Part 1 Summary The third act is set in what has become Olga and Irina's bedroom, at around three in the morning. Fire alarms ring offstage. Masha lies on a sofa as Olga and Anfisa enter, and conversation reveals that there has been a major fire in the town.As Olga goes through her clothes looking for things she can give to the fire's victims, Anfisa talks about two little girls downstairs, imagining that their father has been killed. Olga comments that Vershinin's house has been almost completely destroyed and that Fedotik's home has burned to the ground. She calls for help with the clothes, and a moment later Ferapont comes in and takes out an armful, commenting as he goes on a fire in Moscow that he survived. After he's gone, Olga tiredly tells Anfisa to give everything away, makes arrangements for the Vers hinin family to sleep there and comments that Chebutykin has gotten very drunk.Anfisa worries that there are plans being made to send her away, but Olga reassures her and tells her to sit and rest. Natasha comes in chattering about how a society for the relief of those left homeless should be formed. Conversation reveals that she's had another child, Sophie, and that Natasha is worried about her catching influenza from one of the many strangers in the house. She looks at herself in the mirror and compliments herself on how well she's kept her figure, and then she shouts at Anfisa for sitting down when she's in the room.Anfisa goes out. Natasha complains to Olga that Anfisa is useless and then comments on how tired Olga looks. Conversation reveals that there's an election coming up for the position of headmistress at the school. Natasha is convinced Olga will get it, and Olga doesn't want it. Olga tells Natasha she was too rude to Anfisa. Natasha apologizes, and Masha goes out, angry at being disturbed. Olga tells Natasha that rude language upsets her, and Natasha again apologizes. Then, she says Anfisa really should be living in the country because she doesn't really work.As the fire alarm bell rings again, Natasha talks at length about how she's running the house while Olga is working at the school. She calls Anfisa names, loses her temper and says that by the next day Anfisa will be gone. As Natasha goes out, Kulygin comes in looking for Masha. Conversation reveals that only one section of town has been destroyed. Kulygin mentions that if he hadn't married Masha he'd have wanted to marry Olga. In a moment of quiet they hear Chebutykin coming, comment on how drunk he is and then hide themselves so that they don't embarrass him.A moment later Chebutykin comes in and washes his hands as he speaks to himself about how he remembers nothing about being a doctor, recalling a patient he was treating recently who died. Olga slips out of the room as Chebutykin looks a t himself in a mirror and wonders whether he's really a man anymore and whether he truly exists. He starts weeping as he wishes he didn't exist. He recalls a conversation at his club during which people were talking about well known writers. He didn't know any of them but pretended he did. He talks about the banality of life and again recalls the patient he killed.Irina, Vershinin and Tusenbach come in, with Tusenbach wearing new and stylish civilian clothes. Vershinin talks about how much of the town was saved because of the efforts of the soldiers, and Irina refers to how many of them, including Solyony, are sitting in the dining room. She also tells Chebutykin to go to bed. Chebutykin says he's all right, and Kulygin comes forward and jokes about how drunk he is. Tusenbach talks about being asked to produce a benefit concert for the refugees from the fire. He suggests that Masha should play the piano as part of it, but Irina says she's forgotten how to play.Kulygin talks about ho w much he loves Masha but says the director of the school might not think her participation is appropriate. Chebutykin picks up a small china clock and studies it as Vershinin mentions that he's heard rumors their brigade is being transferred. Tusenbach says that when they go the town will be empty, but Irina says it won't matter since they're going to Moscow. Chebutykin drops the clock, and it shatters. As Irina says the clock belonged to her mother, Chebutykin suggests philosophically that perhaps it didn't really exist and that nobody really exists.He wonders why people are staring at him, shouts that Natasha is having an affair with Protopopov and nobody knows or cares and then goes out. After commenting on how strange the situation is, Vershinin tells how he ran home when the fire started. He found his wife missing and his little girls terrified and wondered how much more they'd have to suffer. He grabbed them and ran and then discovered his wife at the Prozoroff house. Masha c omes back in and lies down as Vershinin continues, comparing the fire with what happens when enemies at war make sudden raids on each other.He then refers again to his idea that in a few hundred years people will look back on the life they're leading and laugh, and he says again that Irina and her sisters are in the forefront of the process of transformation. He begins to sing. Masha joins in, and Fedotik rushes in, laughing strangely at how everything he owns has been destroyed. Solyony follows, and Irina tells him to go away. Solyony complains about how Tusenbach can come in while he can't, while Vershinin and Masha continue to sing. Solyony makes fun of Tusenbach, and then he, Vershinin and Fedotik go out. Act 3, Part 1 AnalysisAs previously discussed in the analysis of Act 1, Part 3, the destruction caused by the fire represents the destruction of the dreams and hopes of those who continue to have them: the Prozoroff sisters, Tusenbach, Vershinin, Andrei and, to an extent, even Solyony. Those dreams aren't completely destroyed quite yet. Irina still dreams of going to Moscow, and Vershinin and Masha are continuing to flirt with each other, presumably still in the hope that their relationship will alleviate their unhappiness. Also, Solyony is clearly still drawn to Irina, and Tusenbach still has dreams of fulfillment in work and of happiness with Irina.Only Andrei, as will become clear in the second part of this act, has no dreams left at all. Even though the dreams of the others remain, there is the powerful sense in this scene that the destruction of those dreams is both imminent and inevitable, a sense conveyed not only by the fire but also by several other factors. The first factor conveying the hopelessness of the characters' dreams is Natasha's reference to Olga becoming headmistress, which is particularly noteworthy because Natasha seems determined Olga will get the job.The audience has seen what happens when Natasha is determined about something. Th e second factor is the appearance of Chebutykin, which functions on several levels. His drunken musings on his loss of identity represent the way that Irina and the others, who define their identities by their dreams, will lose their identities once their dreams fade away in the same way as Chebutykin's knowledge, which has defined his identity as a doctor. Another level of symbolism in this scene can be found in his accidental destruction of the clock.Because of its association with the Prozoroffs' mother, the woman Chebutykin loved and dreamed of marrying, its destruction symbolizes the destruction of his dreams of happiness and, therefore, symbolizes the destruction of the dreams of the others. Several characters seem to take the fire and its destructive consequences in their stride. This is perhaps because their dreams and goals are being fulfilled (Natasha), because they don't have dreams for a life beyond their own (Kulygin) or because their dreams are so relatively insignific ant to them that their destruction doesn't really matter (Fedotik).For those who continue to dream of a transformed life and continue to have those dreams unfulfilled, the physical devastation caused by the fire and the emotional devastation of its victims clearly and vividly foreshadow the spiritual devastation the many dreamers in this play are about to encounter. Are the characters aware of this connection? It seems as though on a subconscious, spiritual level, they just might be. This is another example of the way meaning in this play can be defined by subtext and juxtaposition, as opposed to overt action and direct comment or revelation by the characters.One final piece of foreshadowing occurs in Vershinin' passing mention of the rumor that he and his brigade are going to be transferred. This is the second time such a rumor has been mentioned, the first being in Act 2, Part 3. The first time the transfer never actually comes to pass, but in Act 4, this time the rumors will prov e to be true. Act 3, Part 2 Summary Irina discovers Tusenbach has fallen asleep. As he wakes, he talks briefly about how he's soon to start a new job at a brickyard. He then talks about how beautiful Irina is, his hopes for living and working with her and his memories of how happy she was on her Name Day (in Act 1).He comments that morning has begun and muses romantically about giving his life for her. As he talks, Masha repeatedly tells him to go out, and finally he does. She also suggests that Kulygin should go home. He repeatedly tells her how much he loves her and how content and happy he is, but Masha talks about how bored she is. She also talks angrily about how much debt Andrei is in and how he's allowing Natasha to control money and property that by rights should be controlled by Andrei and the sisters. Kulygin tells her it doesn't really matter, talking about how he prefers a simple life.Masha tells him justice is important to her and then tells him again to go away. He tal ks again about how much he loves Masha, repeating that he's content, and goes. Irina talks with increasing emotion about how Andrei has changed because of Natasha. His dreams have disappeared, and the whole town is laughing behind his back because of the affair with Protopopov. He just sits in his room and plays violin while the whole town is out fighting the fire. As Olga comes in, Irina begins to weep, saying she can't stand her life. She can't remember anything of her Italian, and she says that they'll never get to Moscow and that she hates her job.She's becoming unattractive and feels no satisfaction or happiness. She also talks about how she feels herself moving away from any kind of beautiful life and towards an abyss of unhappiness, saying she can't understand why she hasn't killed herself. Olga comforts her, suggesting that she marry Tusenbach and talking about h